THIS FIRST BATTLE OF THE CIVIL WAR IN INDIAN TERRITORY BEGAN 6 MILES SOUTH, NOV 19, 1861, WHEN COL. D.H. COOPER'S CONFEDERATE VANGUARD WAS REPULSED BY LITTLE CAPTAIN'S WARRIORS FROM OPOTHLEYAHOLA'S INDIAN ALLIES MOVING NORTH OF ARK. RIVER TO AVOID WAR.